tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post1886627115172840885..comments2024-03-11T04:54:26.827-07:00Comments on THE HOCKEY SCHTICK: How Gravity continuously does Work on the atmosphere to control pressure & temperatureUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-34644325778015465832018-05-05T08:41:05.402-07:002018-05-05T08:41:05.402-07:00However gravitational heating continues to the cor...However gravitational heating continues to the core & does not depend on macroscopic convection .Bob Armstronghttps://www.blogger.com/profile/12517889718518675999noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-13426503575455656492018-05-05T08:36:51.304-07:002018-05-05T08:36:51.304-07:00Actually it was demonstrated <1960 that emr blu...Actually it was demonstrated <1960 that emr blue shifts descending a gravitational well .<br /><br />The shift tho slight should match .Bob Armstronghttps://www.blogger.com/profile/12517889718518675999noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-77628479349414783212016-06-15T07:44:59.276-07:002016-06-15T07:44:59.276-07:00In the absence of sunshine, there is no energy to ...In the absence of sunshine, there is no energy to inflate the atmosphere and thus it would collapse to the surfaceMShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-80514327236797934992016-06-15T05:30:29.183-07:002016-06-15T05:30:29.183-07:00In the absence of sunshine how long it will take t...In the absence of sunshine how long it will take to condense the whole atmosphere through your reasoning. This is a hypothetical question.Prof DC Agrawalhttp://www.bhu.ac.in/IAS/farm_engineering/faculty/DCAgrawal.pdfnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-73745931447519121532015-11-05T14:15:24.089-08:002015-11-05T14:15:24.089-08:00Stephen Wilde wrote: "The net outcome is that...Stephen Wilde wrote: "The net outcome is that the surface temperature of 288K is provided by 255K from the sun plus 33K from descending air but the surface cannot use that 33K for radiation to space because it is recycled into further convective uplift. Nevertheless the surface temperature will still be enhanced by 33K because the energy required by the ongoing convective cycle is still held at the surface."<br /><br />Since radiative emission from the surface is entirely dependent on surface temperature, and pays absolutely no attention to any other process which is also removing energy from the surface (no traffic cop performs selection, after all), how do you arrive at "the surface cannot use that 33K for radiation to space". A joule is a joule, Stephen.Tom in Oregon Cityhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09178940274809429771noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-6504179753907932052014-12-04T13:31:41.859-08:002014-12-04T13:31:41.859-08:00I'm well aware that just about every climatolo...I'm well aware that just about every climatologist subscribes to the radiative greenhouse model, and I'm extremely familiar with what it claims and why those claims violate multiple physical laws, for which I have hundreds of posts, including papers in the literature admitting the rGHE violates both the 1st and 2nd law. <br /><br />I just posted overwhelming physical and observational evidence, confirmed by work done by hundreds of physicists, atmospheric scientists, meteorologists for NASA, NOAA, USAF, etc that provides overwhelming physical and observational evidence that gravitational geopotential, a function of mass/gravity/altitude, not GHG RF, controls the lapse rate temperature profiles all the way to space. What more proof do you need that a paradigm shift back to the 1950's space program and Maxwell in 1872 that the gravito-thermal theory is the only one of the two GHE theories that can be correct?<br /><br />http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2014/12/why-us-standard-atmosphere-model.htmlMShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-69080067561110280922014-12-04T13:22:03.550-08:002014-12-04T13:22:03.550-08:00"Well sure, we are talking about Earth's ...<i>"Well sure, we are talking about Earth's atmosphere..."</i><br /><br />You aren't getting it. We are talking about the Earth <i>in its present state</i>. It's like the op amp problem. If I start out assuming the circuit is stable, then I can connect whichever lead I want to ground. But, that does not mean it will work, because I cannot take stability for granted. <br /><br />Similarly, you cannot take for granted that you would be in the same state, having the same specific heats and so forth, if you had a different mechanism governing the atmosphere's thermal processes. The specific heat of air changes with temperature and pressure. The ideal gas law, used in your formulas, is not accurate for low temperatures and high pressures, or for non-homogeneous gas mixtures. The closer you look, the more assumptions you will find that go into your equations, assumptions which are legitimate for common application, but not generally reliable for extension beyond that range.<br /><br />Look, you know the equation is wrong at some level. The lapse rate is not -g/cp all the way up. It stops increasing at the top of the troposphere and starts declining. Why? And, what's to stop that inflection point from moving higher or lower? <br /><br />This is how you can get an isothermal atmosphere. Your equation may say the lapse rate is a particular value, but you do not have any theoretical means to predict in what region it holds. It could be an infinitesimal height, and what comes after that height is not addressed by your formulas.<br /><br />If you want to know the full story, or at least a much more complete one, I urge you to consult a book by someone you should trust. This one:<br /><br />http://www.amazon.com/Physics-Atmosphere-Climate-Murry-Salby/dp/0521767180/ref=sr_1_1<br /><br />Chapter 2 derives your formulas. Other chapters discuss how the result gets modified by other processes. Chapter 8, in particular, discusses the radiative physics which influence the lapse rate. It's heavy duty stuff, and should put to rest your concern that the climate science community has made an elementary mistake in these matters.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-72594785426544382682014-12-04T11:56:22.099-08:002014-12-04T11:56:22.099-08:00And please let me know why unit atmospheres of Pre...And please let me know why unit atmospheres of Pressure are defined as <br /><br />F = ma = mg =1.01325×10^5 <b>Newtons</b>/m^2 per 1 unit atmosphere Pressure a.s.l. of the latitude of Paris France<br /><br />if as you say gravity is "conservative force" that can be ignored at the surface and any unit of atmospheres of Pressure at a given geopotential height of gravitational potential energy (PE) available to do Work (W)<br /><br />Good luckMShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-11728578145512093082014-12-04T11:38:24.210-08:002014-12-04T11:38:24.210-08:00If I use a forklift to lift my 10,000 kg deflated ...If I use a forklift to lift my 10,000 kg deflated hot air balloon against the -9.8m/s/s gravitational acceleration vertical downward vector (instead of using the mass/pressure/density gradient as does the hot air balloon) up to 100 meters, and then lower the forklift down to the surface, according to you the forklift has done no Work since the balloon is right back in the same place it started, and allegedly energy has been "conserved," and the deflated balloon/forklift tip never accumulated any gravitational PE on the way up, right?<br /><br />If the "conservative force" gravity has nothing to do with calculating the ~7 transitions in linear lapse rates = -g/Cp based upon geopotential heights and Cp in the various atmospheric layers from the surface to the edge of space, then why the heck do they use (g) to calculate the temperature and various lapse rates (of which dT/dh is a <i>function</i>, and <i>not</i> the cause) from the surface to edge of space?<br /><br />See new post coming up right now definitively proving you are incorrect and the mass/pressure/gravity "GHE" perfectly explains the temperatures from the surface to every geopotential altitude 0-80,000+ meters.<br /><br />If you still disagree, please show your work as I have, since a lot of handwaving and false proclamations about gravity cannot overturn Newton, Maxwell, and hundreds of atmospheric scientists that have produced the versions of the US Standard Atmosphere (and multiple other International Standard Atmospheres). These same models based entirely upon temperature as a function of geopotential height/mass/gravity/pressure are in widespread use today, not only for Earth, but are being used to model other thick planetary atmospheres as well. So, be prepared for a lot of work you're going to have to do to overturn the gravito-thermal "GHE" theory. <br /><br />"I don't think I can make any more headway here."<br /><br />Perhaps if you show your math and work, as I have, and thousands of other scientists have of the exact same principles, including in the lecture slides above, including thousands of other sources that say the exact same adiabatic equations and barometric equations which must include gravity, then and only then will you get any more headway here. MShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-74349155754320401842014-12-04T10:45:51.820-08:002014-12-04T10:45:51.820-08:00Ideal spring action is the epitome of a conservati...Ideal spring action is the epitome of a conservative force. Gravity is a conservative force. It has everything to do with it.<br /><br />Your example with the burners takes no account of the bouyancy. Clearly, the change in potential energy is not going to equal the heat put in - the ambient temperature is going to influence how high your balloon goes.<br /><br />These little mental exercises can become very complicated and very convoluted, when you start peeling the layers of the onion. This approach isn't going to work, so I give up. Get the book by Salby I recommended and study the pertinent sections. I don't think I can make any more headway here.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-90939442925897337182014-12-04T08:43:50.554-08:002014-12-04T08:43:50.554-08:00No. Springs are a completely different issue that ...No. Springs are a completely different issue that have zero to do with mass/gravity/pressure<br /><br />The burners produce the kinetic heat energy (Q) which by the 1st Law<br /><br />dU = 0 = Q - W<br /><br />must be offset by an equal and opposite amount of Work (W) done by the force of gravity in pulling the balloon back to Earth while it is rising against gravity and thus accumulating gravitational potential energy (PE) and then pulling it back to Earth as the balloon cools.<br /><br />Kinetic heat energy (Q) cannot both remain kinetic heat energy (Q) and still do work (W) without violating conservation of energy<br /><br />Q = -W<br /><br />notice the negative sign in front of W, which means the Work vector in the case of the hot air balloon pointing down from gravity has to be in the equal and opposite direction of the heat vector pointing up from convection or adiabatic expansion. The heat vector Q obviously cannot point both up and down at the same time to balance the 1st law equation.MShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-88005750959609409572014-12-04T08:31:45.472-08:002014-12-04T08:31:45.472-08:00"What does the Work that lifts the Helium bal...<i>"What does the Work that lifts the Helium balloon from the surface to higher altitude?"</i><br /><br />The work is done by whatever mechanism brought the helium to ground level in the first place, or whatever process liberated it from other ground level compounds, which may themselves have been previously deposited or produced by work from various sources. Just like the motion induced by the action of an ideal spring is sourced from the work used to extend or compress that spring. The spring, itself, does not spontaneously produce motion.<br /><br /><i>"I have a hot air balloon and turn on the burners at the surface for 20 minutes and then turn them off for good. What happens?"</i><br /><br />Well, the work there is done by your burners.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-13778955606633384062014-12-03T15:42:25.116-08:002014-12-03T15:42:25.116-08:00"That's pretty silly. What does it have t..."That's pretty silly. What does it have to do with gravity, anyway?"<br /><br />What does the Work that lifts the Helium balloon from the surface to higher altitude? Is it<br /><br />a) greenhouse gases<br />b) pressure gradient caused by mass/gravity<br />c) Helium<br /><br />"No, I am claiming it won't come back down again. At least, not until it pops, and then just the skin"<br /><br />I have a hot air balloon and turn on the burners at the surface for 20 minutes and then turn them off for good. What happens?<br /><br />a) balloon rises and then equilibrates with temperature of surrounding air and then falls back to surface due to gravitational PE it has accumulated<br /><br />b) balloon rises and stays there<br /><br />and what does the work lifting the balloon against gravity and then bringing it back down?MShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-47413224777882038002014-12-03T14:53:33.727-08:002014-12-03T14:53:33.727-08:00"In this atmosphere, in its current state. Th..."In this atmosphere, in its current state. This is circular reasoning. You have assumed the state of the system, then used that assumed state to show that your calculations lead to the assumed state."<br /><br />Well sure, we are talking about Earth's atmosphere with all of the exact molecular constituents, molar masses, % of each in our of atmosphere, individual specific heats at constant pressure and volume, etc known to great precision at each level of the atmosphere all the way to space, and which on global average don't change. From this information in each atmospheric level, and knowledge of the geopotential height at every altitude, the temperature can be calculated on a global annual average and multi-decadal average at every single geopotential height of gravitational PE from the surface to 80,000km. <br /><br />This has been done by hundreds of rocket scientists working at or under contract for the US Air Force, NOAA, and NASA, as well as other international space agencies, aviation applications, rocket applications, WMO, etc. duplicated multiple times over the past 50 years, without ever once using any radiative forcing from any GHGs whatsoever!<br /><br />I have a post coming out later today demonstrating how to calculate the annual average complete atmospheric temperature profile at each altitude from 0-80,000 meters just based on calculating geopotential height (i.e. gravitational PE) and knowledge of the molecular constituents and the exact same barometric formulae in this post. <br /><br />"Please read up on conservative forces. Gravity is a conservative force. It does no net work. This has been known for centuries. It is non-negotiable, and you are relegating yourself to the kook fringe."<br /><br />In the first law <br /><br />dU = 0 = Q - W<br /><br />Basically what you are claiming is that in that equation W = 0, which is false, and disproven by the lecture slides I've provided above, as well as hundreds of thousands of other sources saying the same thing, as well as the derivations of how geopotential height (PE) and molecular thermodynamic properties alone determine the annual average temperature at every altitude from 0-80,000 meters, NOT greenhouse gas radiative forcing. <br /><br />You cannot have it both ways. Sorry. MShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-11944775537324411192014-12-03T13:50:23.025-08:002014-12-03T13:50:23.025-08:00Should have said "There is no significant rel...Should have said "There is no significant relationship between KE and <i>gravitational</i> PE until you get all the way up to the thermosphere."Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-85890138612952562272014-12-03T13:36:29.954-08:002014-12-03T13:36:29.954-08:00"Basically Anonymous is claiming that if I ha...<i>"Basically Anonymous is claiming that if I have a balloon and inflate it with pure 100.000000000% Helium, or pure N2, Ar, O2, or any other non-IR active gas, that the balloon cannot inflate and will collapse due to the absence of greenhouse gases."</i><br /><br />That's pretty silly. What does it have to do with gravity, anyway?<br /><br /><i>"Furthermore, he is claiming that if I release my Helium balloon (that he claims cannot inflate) and it rises in the atmosphere, the Helium balloon won't rise adiabatically, expand, and cool, since adiabatic processes don't occur in the atmosphere."</i><br /><br />No, I am claiming it won't come back down again. At least, not until it pops, and then just the skin.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-11412099492945121652014-12-03T13:34:06.162-08:002014-12-03T13:34:06.162-08:00"There is no way that an atmosphere of O2 or ...<i>"There is no way that an atmosphere of O2 or N2 would fail to convect and produce a lapse rate because KE converts to PE with height."</i><br /><br />Nonsense. Atmospheric particles are not in free flight. In fact, their mean velocities are much too small to maintain orbit on their own. They attain their height by being bouyed up by the particles below. There is no significant relationship between KE and PE until you get all the way up to the thermosphere.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-24174394481939618412014-12-03T13:27:22.237-08:002014-12-03T13:27:22.237-08:00"True, but for > 99.9% of the atmosphere N...<i>"True, but for > 99.9% of the atmosphere N2, O2, and Ar, the changes in specific heat are negligible over the range of temperatures in the atmosphere."</i><br /><br />In <i>this</i> atmosphere, <i>in its current state</i>. This is circular reasoning. You have assumed the state of the system, then used that assumed state to show that your calculations lead to the assumed state.<br /><br /><i>"...I already calculated a Boltzmann distribution for a pure N2 atmosphere..."</i><br /><br />Again, using your circular reasoning above.<br /><br /><i>"Please read up on Newton's 2nd law of motion..."</i><br /><br />Please read up on conservative forces. Gravity is a conservative force. It does no net work. This has been known for centuries. It is non-negotiable, and you are relegating yourself to the kook fringe.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-57657539626809559992014-12-03T13:17:52.139-08:002014-12-03T13:17:52.139-08:00Basically Anonymous is claiming that if I have a b...Basically Anonymous is claiming that if I have a balloon and inflate it with pure 100.000000000% Helium, or pure N2, Ar, O2, or any other non-IR active gas, that the balloon cannot inflate and will collapse due to the absence of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, he is claiming that if I release my Helium balloon (that he claims cannot inflate) and it rises in the atmosphere, the Helium balloon won't rise adiabatically, expand, and cool, since adiabatic processes don't occur in the atmosphere.<br /><br />Astonishing. The trillion-dollar CAGW scam overturned by doing an experiment costing one dime, inflating a He balloon, releasing it, and seeing what happens. LOLMShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-37604120288906768402014-12-03T11:36:34.979-08:002014-12-03T11:36:34.979-08:00Ironic isn't it how skeptics are called "...Ironic isn't it how skeptics are called "gravity deniers" by some, but we're showing the "GHE" is <i>from</i> gravity, and thus the opposite true. <br /><br />Also incredible how the most fundamental basic physics of gravity, pressure, mass, acceleration, 1st & 2nd laws of thermo, convection, that have formed the basis of actual physics for 2 centuries are all thrown in the trash since they're so inconvenient to AGW. MShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-72472850430425919452014-12-03T11:19:12.594-08:002014-12-03T11:19:12.594-08:00"You have used some very top level formulas h..."You have used some very top level formulas here. Formulas which hold under particular conditions. Specific heat, for example, is not at all constant over pressure and temperature."<br /><br />True, but for > 99.9% of the atmosphere N2, O2, and Ar, the changes in specific heat are negligible over the range of temperatures in the atmosphere. CO2 at 0.04% has a negligible effect on the total, but CO2 does significantly change Cp/Cv with temperature, so that is something to consider for Venus and Mars, but not Earth.<br /><br />"Nor do purely adiabatic processes actually exist." <br /><br />They are pure enough to make the assumptions in the basic theory/equations above, which have been around for over a century. All of the above slides are from a series of lectures on thermodynamics and very well established physics/meteorology:<br /><br />http://clas-pages.uncc.edu/matt-eastin/files/2014/01/METR3210-adiabatic-process.ppt<br /><br />and found in hundreds of textbooks and other sources. There's nothing new here about well established adiabatic processes, Poisson relation and the heat capacity ratio Cp/Cv used by Maxwell to describe the atmospheric temperature gradient/greenhouse effect entirely without GHG radiative forcing. If the greatest physicist in history on the topic of radiation thought pressure creates the "GHE," shouldn't you?, or otherwise show your work on why you think Maxwell was wrong.<br /><br />http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2014/05/maxwell-established-that-gravity.html<br /><br />"If you actually tried to get a lapse rate without any radiating gases in the atmosphere, your atmosphere would collapse to a densely packed, isothermal spherical shell consistent with the temperature from the SB relationship."<br /><br />False - I already calculated a Boltzmann distribution for a pure N2 atmosphere, which has a slightly higher center of mass and thus higher surface T, once again without GHGs link #3 here:<br /><br />http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2014/12/debunking-myths-strawmen-about-gravito.html<br /><br />You don't think solar RF could inflate a pure N2 atmosphere? I show why that's nonsense at the equilibrium temperature of solar forcing.<br /><br />"Continuous work from gravity? As likely as the Moon being made of green cheese, i.e., not even remotely within the realm of possibility."<br /><br />Please read up on Newton's 2nd law of motion: F = ma = mg for the atmosphere, and is part of the derivation of all of the barometric formula including the lapse rate = -g/Cp. See the g in there? That's gravitational acceleration, a force doing Work on the atmosphere expanding/compressing gas packets/parcels ad infinitum, as show in the first slide above from a basic thermo lecture. <br /><br />So, whoever you are anon, the burden of proof is now upon you to show the mathematics overturning the basic barometric equations well-known since the 1800's Maxwell's with book Theory of Heat. Handwaving doesn't count in my book.MShttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06714540297202434542noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-17637722336175531572014-12-03T09:50:28.287-08:002014-12-03T09:50:28.287-08:00Whoever Anonymous is he sounds pretty desperate.
...Whoever Anonymous is he sounds pretty desperate.<br /><br />There is no way that an atmosphere of O2 or N2 would fail to convect and produce a lapse rate because KE converts to PE with height.<br /><br />Of course purely adiabatic processes do not exist but all work done against gravity is adiabatic by definition because that same work cannot be simultaneously used againt surrounding molecules.<br /><br />Uplift and descent never stop so work being done with and against gravity must never stop either.<br /><br />Anonymous needs to read some meteorology texts.Stephen Wildenoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-49419302557831976602014-12-03T09:07:11.378-08:002014-12-03T09:07:11.378-08:00Many years ago, when taking my first course in mic...Many years ago, when taking my first course in microelectronics, we learned how to design op amp circuits assuming a "virtual ground" at the input terminal. The formula worked just as well if you connected the (-) terminal to ground as the (+) terminal so, I asked the professor, why couldn't we do that, and create a non-inverting amplifier? That brought quite a hearty chuckle and reddened my ears, I can tell you. The reason, of course, is that produces positive feedback, and your amplifier would do nothing but sit there and shriek. The formulas were just an approximation which worked under specific conditions, not iron clad laws for the device.<br /><br />You have used some very top level formulas here. Formulas which hold under particular conditions. Specific heat, for example, is not at all constant over pressure and temperature. Nor do purely adiabatic processes actually exist. If you actually tried to get a lapse rate without any radiating gases in the atmosphere, your atmosphere would collapse to a densely packed, isothermal spherical shell consistent with the temperature from the SB relationship. The very title of this post is mondo cringeworthy. Continuous work from gravity? As likely as the Moon being made of green cheese, i.e., not even remotely within the realm of possibility. You might as well light up a neon sign blaring "I know nothing of physics", and start devoting your blog to perpetual motion machines.<br /><br />You are overgeneralizing the relationships, and embarrassing yourself and others who, for other info, consider this blog first rate. I really wish you would get someone competent in the subject matter to review these things with you. Unfortunately, you appear to have latched on to a few like-minded, semi-trained folk who also rush in where angels fear to tread, and their external validation has given you untoward confidence in your conclusions. It is the bane of the internet era. Just stop, OK? Before you are completely relegated to the fringe, and I can no longer link to this blog in any serious argument.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-87914029837383729842014-12-03T08:29:52.666-08:002014-12-03T08:29:52.666-08:00MS
Look at your diagram above under ADIABATIC PRO...MS<br /><br />Look at your diagram above under ADIABATIC PROCESSES THE BASIC IDEA<br /><br />Formula dQ = Cv(dT) + P(dv) = 0 for adiabatic process<br /><br />P(dV) = work done in expanding gas<br />Cv(dT) = change in internal energy<br /><br />Look at equation 16-27 in link<br />Look at table 16 -3 for values<br /><br />Work done by parcel in expanding against surroundings(atmosphere)<br /><br />= nCv(T2 - T1)<br /><br />n = number of moles = 1<br />Cv =20.8<br />T2 - T1 = 9.8<br /><br />Work done = 204Joules which is the same as the value of lost internal energy given above.<br />The value given as 203J should be 204J as I rounded off too early.<br /><br />So not one Joule of internal energy lost is changed to Gravitational PE <br /><br />You might then wonder where the 284.2J GPE above comes from?<br />We must remember that for the rising parcel there must simultaneously be a falling parcel to fill the void left behind.<br />The falling parcel loses 284.2J is reaching the surface.<br /><br />So the first law is satisfied in all respects<br /><br />Maxwell speculated that winds mixed the atmosphere.<br /><br />The parcel is subject to two processes;<br /> the tendency to hydrostatic equilibrium and the attempt to reach thermodynamic equilibrium<br />Hydrostatic equilibrium is much faster than thermodynamic equilibrium<br />Hot air rises as cold air falls. <br /><br />Ms, I must thank you once again for an outstanding number of posts particularly this year.<br /><br />Bryan<br /><br />http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~quick/PHYA10S/LectureNotes/LN-16.pdfAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142988674703954802.post-14644317997721971372014-12-03T00:33:32.645-08:002014-12-03T00:33:32.645-08:00Bryan,
There is no loss of internal energy since ...Bryan,<br /><br />There is no loss of internal energy since internal energy is KE PLUS PE.<br /><br />Rework your figures on that basis and if it still doesn't balance then you have made another error somewhere.Stephen Wildenoreply@blogger.com