The authors also find "Increased Earth surface heating during solar maxima regulates integrated water vapor, cloud liquid water content, and rainfall."
Highlights
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Solar control on [Indian Summer Monsoon]ISM rainfall, [cloud liquid water content]LWC and [integrated water vapor] IWV is observed over India during 1977–2012.- •
- Sun influences the formation clouds and rainfall activity through GCR [Galactic Cosmic Ray] mediation.
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- Increased Earth surface heating during solar maxima regulates IWV, LWC and rainfall.
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- SSN [Sunspot Number] shows both positive and negative correlation with LWC and ISM rainfall.
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- Wavelet analyses also indicate a solar control on ISM rainfall, LWC & IWV over India.
Abstract
A long-term observation over three solar cycles indicates a perceptible influence of solar activity on rainfall and associated parameters in the Indian region. This paper attempts to reveal the solar control on the cloud liquid water content (LWC) and integrated water vapor (IWV) along with Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall during the period of 1977–2012 over nine different Indian stations. Cloud LWC and IWV are positively correlated with each other. An anti-correlation is observed between the Sunspot Number (SSN) and ISM rainfall for a majority of the stations and a poor positive correlation obtained for other locations. Cloud LWC and IWV possess positive correlations with Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and SSN respectively for most of the stations. The wavelet analyses of SSN, ISM rainfall, cloud LWC and IWV have been performed to investigate the periodic characteristics of climatic parameters and also to indicate the varying relationship of solar activity with ISM rainfall, cloud LWC and IWV. SSN, ISM rainfall and IWV are found to have a peak at around 10.3 years whereas a dip is observed at that particular period for cloud LWC.
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